ACCA Performance Management (F5) Certification Practice Exam

Which measure ensures that each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected for a study?

1. Field research

2. Random sampling

3. Quota sampling

4. Panel sampling

The correct answer is: Random sampling

Random sampling is a fundamental technique in research used to ensure that each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected for a study. This method helps eliminate bias in the selection process and allows the results to be generalized to the larger population. By using random selection, researchers can confidently assert that their sample is representative of the population, thereby enhancing the validity of their findings. In random sampling, various techniques such as drawing names from a hat, using random number generators, or employing software algorithms are often used to ensure the selection process is unbiased and truly reflects the population's characteristics. This is crucial in obtaining reliable data and conducting analyses that can inform decision-making. Other methods, such as field research, quota sampling, or panel sampling, do not ensure that all members have an equal chance of selection. Field research typically involves observing subjects in their natural environment, which may introduce selection biases. Quota sampling involves segmenting the population and then selecting a predefined number of individuals from each segment, which can lead to biases in representation. Panel sampling involves consistently surveying the same group of individuals over time, which may not reflect shifts in the broader population. Each of these techniques has its own advantages and applications, but they do not provide the same level of fairness and