Which research approach is typically done using existing data sources?

Desk research is the correct choice because it specifically involves gathering and analyzing existing data that has already been collected, compiled, and published by other entities. This can include reports, academic articles, data sets, market research findings, and other forms of documented information. The advantage of desk research is that it can be conducted relatively quickly and at a relatively low cost compared to primary research methods, as it leverages data that is already available rather than requiring the collection of new data.

In contrast, field research involves the collection of new data directly from sources in their natural environments, which means it often requires significant time and resource investment. Experimental research typically involves manipulating variables to observe outcomes, which necessitates designing and executing new experiments. Observational research also requires the direct observation of subjects or phenomena in their environment, which again means collecting new data rather than utilizing pre-existing information. Each of these methods serves its own distinct purpose and is used based on the research objectives, but desk research remains the method focused on utilizing existing data sources.